{"id":1915,"date":"2017-04-19T01:25:42","date_gmt":"2017-04-19T01:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/?p=1915"},"modified":"2017-04-21T04:49:40","modified_gmt":"2017-04-21T04:49:40","slug":"ssltls%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%91%e5%b9%b4%e7%9b%b8%e5%85%b3%e6%94%bb%e5%87%bb%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%88%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/?p=1915","title":{"rendered":"SSL\/TLS\u7684\u8fd1\u5e74\u76f8\u5173\u653b\u51fb\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\uff08\u516d\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

SSL\/TLS\u7684\u8fd1\u5e74\u76f8\u5173\u653b\u51fb\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\uff08\u516d\uff09 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u8bc1\u4e66\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u97e6\u4fca\u7433 \u00a0\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66<\/h3>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09<\/span>\u662f<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u673a\u5236<\/span>\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u901a\u4fe1<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168<\/span>\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/span>SSL<\/span>\/TLS<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\uff0c<\/span>\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/span>\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span>\u53d1\u9001\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/span>(\u5982\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/span>)<\/span>\u4f1a<\/span>\u68c0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span>\u76ee\u524d\u9488\u5bf9<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6709\u51e0\u9879<\/span>\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c<\/span>\u503c\u5f97<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bc1\u4e66\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

SSL\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u7531<\/span>CA\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span>\u53ef\u4fe1<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5728\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u4e86\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u653b\u7834\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9881\u53d1\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u770b\u4f3c\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5728<\/span>2001\u5e74\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>Comodo<\/span>\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u518c\u673a\u6784\u88ab<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u5165\u4fb5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7ed9<\/span>7<\/span>\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7b7e\u53d1\u4e86<\/span>9<\/span>\u5f20\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8fde<\/span>google.com<\/span>\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u968f\u7740<\/span>MD5<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>sha-1<\/span>\u78b0\u649e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4f2a\u9020\u5408\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4e66\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb<\/span>MD5<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>SHA-1<\/span>\u9000\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u671f\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u540a\u9500\u5e76\u6e05\u9664\u5e02\u573a\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span>\u56f0\u96be<\/span>\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u5e76<\/span>\u4e14\u5728\u540a\u9500\u8bc1\u4e66\u5230\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab<\/span>CRL\u6216\u8005<\/span>OCSP<\/span><\/span>\u66f4\u65b0<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7a7a\u6863\u671f\uff0c\u5728<\/span>\u7f13\u5b58\u671f\u95f4<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>\u4ecd<\/span>\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5bf9\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728<\/span>[1]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5229\u7528<\/span>Flash Player <\/span>\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u9488\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u77e5\u540d\u7f51\u7ad9<\/span>Facebook<\/span>\u7684<\/span>SSL <\/span>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>3<\/span>\u767e\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6761\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728<\/span>0.2%<\/span>\u5de6\u53f3\u7684<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9632\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u88ab\u6b3a\u9a97\u53d1\u5e03\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f88\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5ffd\u7565<\/span><\/span>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/span>\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed<\/span>\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>\u5371\u9669\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>1KB\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>5KB<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u94fe\u957f<\/span>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span>self-singed\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u542b\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684<\/span>Subjects<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u4e2d<\/span>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u90fd\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u597d\u76ee\u6807\u540e\uff0c\u9884\u5148\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u590d\u5236<\/span>Facebook\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u68c0\u67e5<\/span>Issuers<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u9632\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5e7f\u544a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728<\/span>[2]<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u9632\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a<\/span><\/span>\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u8bef\u5bfc\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c<\/span>\u4f7f\u5176<\/span>\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684<\/span>TLS\u8fde\u63a5\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c<\/span>\u800c\u4e14<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d7<\/span>SSL\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684<\/span>HTTPS<\/span>\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5b89\u5168\u4e86\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u5b89\u5168\u662f<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6b63\u786e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span>Chad Brubaker<\/span>\u5728<\/span>[3]<\/span>\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bc1\u4e66\u5728<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e66\u7247\u6bb5\u589e\u6dfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5ef6\u5c55\uff0c\u5229\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>Frankencerts\u201d\u5408\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u201c\u5dee\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4e5f\u5373\u5728\u5b9e\u9645<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u673a\u6784\u63a5\u6536\u800c\u88ab<\/span>\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u673a\u6784\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5dee\u5f02\u7b5b\u9009\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u67e5\u8be2<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u7528<\/span>\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5dee\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>Frankencerts\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86<\/span>208<\/span>\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u70b9\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec<\/span>OpenSSL<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>NSS<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>CyaSSL<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>GnuTLS, PolarSSL, MatrixSSL<\/span>\u7b49\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982<\/span>MatrixSSL<\/span>\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536<\/span>X.509 v1<\/span>\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>MatrixSSL<\/span>\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684<\/span>X.509 v1<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u9003\u8fc7<\/span>MatrixSSL<\/span>\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5728<\/span>GnuTLS<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728<\/span>X.509 v1<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u672c\u5730\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684<\/span>X.509 v1<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6076\u610f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u66f4<\/span><\/span>\u4e25\u91cd<\/span>\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u9519\u68c0\u548c\u6f0f\u68c0\u6839<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c42\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u653b\u51fb\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c<\/span>\u4f7f\u5f97<\/span>\u653b\u51fb<\/span>\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u5ffd\u7565\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f2a\u9020\u76f8\u5e94\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765<\/span>\u5b8c\u6210<\/span>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

X.509\u8bc1\u4e66\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u89e3\u6790<\/span>ASN.1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u5bb9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f<\/span>\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u4f46\u662f<\/span>X.509\u8bc1\u4e66\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4ece\u800c<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9<\/span>X.509\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c<\/span>Antoine<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>Cinderella[4]<\/span>\u6765\u6539\u5584<\/span>X.509<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7701\u7565\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6027\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199<\/span>X.509 <\/span>\u6a21\u7248\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>Geppetto<\/span>\u52a0\u5bc6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e3a\u8be5<\/span><\/span>\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\u751f\u6210<\/span>\u96f6<\/span>\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span>\u5e76<\/span>\u4e3a<\/span>RSA-PKCS#1\u7b7e\u540d\u548c<\/span>ASN.1<\/span>\u89e3\u6790\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684<\/span>C<\/span>\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52a0\u5bc6\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>TLS<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u64a4\u9500\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u62ab\u9732\u8bc1\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06<\/span>X.509<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u533f\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/span>Cinderella<\/span>\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u73b0\u6709<\/span>X.509<\/span>\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>X.509<\/span>\u7b7e\u540d\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/span>Cinderella<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>X.509<\/span>\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u6743\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u52a0\u5bc6\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u975e\u64a4\u9500\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8bc1\u4e66\u6301\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u68c0\u67e5\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86<\/span>CRLs<\/span>\u548c<\/span>OCSP<\/span>\u5728\u7ebf\u68c0\u67e5\u64a4\u9500\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u52a0\u5f3a<\/span>SSL\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u91c7\u7528<\/span>HTTP Strict Transport Security(HSTS)<\/span>\u6765\u904f\u5236<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u5265\u79bb<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>The Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP(HPKP)\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>HTTP<\/span>\u6807\u5934\u6307\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u793a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u62d2\u7edd\u5177\u6709\u672a\u77e5\u516c\u94a5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>; <\/span>\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>TLS Origin-Bound Certificates(TLS-OBC)<\/span>\u6765\u5c01\u9501\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u63d2\u4ef6\uff1b\u91c7\u7528<\/span>DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities<\/span>\uff08<\/span>DANE<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0e<\/span>DNSSEC<\/span>\u963b\u6b62\u4f2a\u9020\u4fee\u6539<\/span>DNS<\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u4f7f\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span><\/span>\uff1b<\/span>Google\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f2a\u9020\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/span>\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8bc1\u4e66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5374\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u3002<\/span>Adam Bates\u5728<\/span>[5]<\/span>\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6539\u8fdb\u7684<\/span>CERTSHIM<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u9632\u6b62<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5e93\u3002<\/span>CERTSHIM<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u878d\u5408<\/span>Convergence<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>DANE<\/span>\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u56fa\u5b9a\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5229\u7528<\/span>CERTSHIM<\/span>\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u9057\u7559\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4ee3\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

\u9274\u4e8e<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u6765\u6539\u5584\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u3002\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span>\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c<\/span>\u4f46\u662f<\/span>\u8fd8\u4e0d<\/span>\u80fd<\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8c37\u6b4c<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u4e86\u767d\u540d\u5355<\/span>\u673a\u5236<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u900f\u660e\u5316\u6765\u6539\u5584\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/span>\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684<\/span>\u5b89\u5168<\/span>\u6027\u5c06\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\u8bc1\u4e66<\/span>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/span>\u4fdd\u969c<\/span>SSL<\/span>\u901a\u8baf\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00<\/span><\/span>\u6b65<\/span>\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f<\/span>\u4ece<\/span>\u5931\u8d25\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3<\/span>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u7136\u540e<\/span>\u9010\u6b65<\/span>\u5b8c\u5584\u6210\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

[ 1 ] H. Lin-Shung, A. Rice, E. Ellingsen. Analyzing forged SSL certificates in the wild. In <\/span>IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2014<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

[ 2 ] X. Carne Carnavalet and M. Mannan. Killed by proxy: analyzing Client-end TLS interception software. In NDSS, 2016<\/span><\/p>\n

[ 3 ] C. Brubaker, S. Jana, B. Ray. Using Frankencerts for Automated Adversarial Testing of Certificate Validation in SSL\/TLS Implementations. <\/span>IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, <\/span><\/a>2014<\/span><\/p>\n

[ 4 ] A. Delignat-Lavaud, C. Fournet, M. Kohlweiss. Cinderella: Turning Shabby X.509 Certificates into Elegant Anonymous Credentials with the Magic of Verifiable Computation. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2016<\/span><\/p>\n

[ 5 ] Bates, Adam M. et al. Securing SSL Certificate Verification through Dynamic Linking. In ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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