{"id":495,"date":"2016-01-18T15:39:09","date_gmt":"2016-01-18T15:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/?p=495"},"modified":"2016-01-21T14:08:56","modified_gmt":"2016-01-21T14:08:56","slug":"%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e6%b5%81%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e5%8e%86%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/?p=495","title":{"rendered":"\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6b66\u6210\u5c97\uff0c\u674e\u5efa\u519b \u00a0\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240 \u5168\u6587\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u6781\u5927\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u6f0f\u6d1e\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u53d1\u8d77\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8f7d\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u5411\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86DEP(Data Execution Prevention)\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u5199\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6240\u4e0a\u8f7d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u7834DEP\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53c8\u63a2\u7d22\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u653b\u51fb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u653b\u51fb\u5305\u62ecReturn-to-libc\u3001ROP(Return Oriented Programming)\u3001JOP\uff08Jump Oriented Programming\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u6a21\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u5fa1\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5fae\u8f6f\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e2005\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff08Control Flow Integrity, CFI\uff09\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u9650\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\u6240\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u767d\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u5bf9\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5728\u767d\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8fdd\u80cc\u539f\u6709\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\uff0cCFI\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

CFI\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u548c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u800c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u7ec4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6216\u76f8\u8fd1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f52\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

CFI\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u7684CFI\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u4e0b\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u56fe1\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86CFI\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728\u8be5\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image03\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56fe1. CFI\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u57fa\u4e8e\u63d2\u6869\u6280\u672f\u7684CFI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u9632\u5fa1\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\uff0c2005\u5e74Mart\u00edn Abadi\u548cMihai Budiu,\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff08Control-Flow Integrity, CFI\uff09\u7684\u601d\u8def[1]\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5176\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\uff08Control Flow Graph, CFG\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u4e0d\u88ab\u52ab\u6301\u6216\u975e\u6cd5\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u80cc\u79bb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u5236\u65f6\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8f6c\u79fb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002CFI\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u5426\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5426\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\u8d77\u5230\u9632\u5fa1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684CFI\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5bf9\u6bcf\u6761\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u90fd\u505a\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6761\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u505a\u5230\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611f\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u68c0\u67e5\u673a\u5236\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5f00\u9500\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

Chao Zhang \u7b49\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0cCFI\u672a\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u63d2\u6869\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u91cf\u5f0f\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86CCFIR[2]\uff08Compact Control Flow Integrity and Randomization\uff09\u3002\u5176\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5bf9\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u654f\u611f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u56ca\u62ec\u4e86CFI\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u522b\u540d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u6548\u7387\u548c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u201cSpringboard section\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u95f4\u63a5\u5206\u652f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5e76\u9650\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5bf9\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7ecfSPECint2000\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u5747\/\u6700\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u5206\u522b\u4e3a3.6%\u548c8.6%\uff08\u5e73\u5747\/\u6700\u9ad8\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u201cSpringboard section\u201d\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u968f\u673a\u5730\u53d8\u6362\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002CCFIR\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6e90\u7801\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4ec5\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u91cf\u5f0f\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

Mingwei Zhang \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9COTS\uff08Commercial-off-the-shelf\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684CFI\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014binCFI[3]\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7fCFI\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5546\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5bfc\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u5730\u5740\u96c6\u5408\u5c31\u662fELF\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d.dynamic\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cbinCFI\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709CFI\u65b9\u6848\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u589e\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684CFI\uff0cCCFIR[2]\u548cbinCFI[3]\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u5bbd\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6bd4\u8f83\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u539f\u6765\u7684CFI\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u653e\u5bbd\u540e\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4eCFI\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

Enes G\u00f6ktas\u5728Overcoming CFI[4]\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684gadget\u2014\u2014entry point (EP) gadget\u548ccall site (CS) gadget\uff0c\u6765\u7ed5\u5f00\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cdgadget\u6ee1\u8db3\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u3002Enes G\u00f6ktas\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cdgadget\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5176\u6784\u9020ROP\u94fe\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297Overcoming CFI\u5bf9\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0cAli Jose Mashtizadeh \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u9488\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u6765\u589e\u5f3aCFI\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aCCFI[5]\u3002\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5f52\u7c7b\u4f7f\u5f97\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6709\u4e86\u53ef\u4e58\u4e4b\u673a\u3002CCFI\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u9488\u505a\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u5f52\u5230CFI\u539f\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u9488\u7ec6\u5206\u6210\u56db\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u3001return\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\uff08\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u3001\u865a\u8868\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\uff08\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9C++\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u9488\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5bc6\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u6bcf\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6807\u8bc6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u9488\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u89e3\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5feb\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0cCCFI\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u201cAES-IN\u201d\u5bf9AES\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u5bc6\u94a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5f00\u6e90\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668LLVM\uff0c\u5b9a\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5176\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6298\u8877\u3002<\/p>\n

Lucas Davi \u7b49\u4eba\u5728Stitching the Gadgets[6]\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CFI\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5305\u62eckBouncer\u3001ROPecker\u3001binCFI\u3001ROPGuard\u548cMicrosoft EMET4.1\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684CFI\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5bf9kBouncer\u3001ROPecker\u3001binCFI\u3001ROPGuard\u548cMicrosoft EMET4.1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u6709\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684CFI\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u653b\u51fb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728Adobe Reader\u548cmPlayer\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684CFI\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8bba\u6587[7]\u4e5f\u63a2\u7d22\u5bf9CFI\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u591a\u6570\u9632\u5fa1\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f71\u5b50\u6808\uff08Shadow Stack\uff09\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0aDEP\u548cASLR\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6808\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u5411\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6808\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6765\u7834\u574f\u6808\u4e0a\u7684callee-saved\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97callee-saved\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u88ab\u52ab\u6301\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6765\u52ab\u6301sysenter\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u63a7\u5236\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u60f3\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6cc4\u9732\u4e3b\u6808\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6765\u6cc4\u9732\u51fa\u6765shadow stack\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5f80CFI\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u53ea\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86CFI\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611f\u7684CFI\uff08Context sensitive CFI\uff09\u662f\u6709\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c06CFI\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u548cCFG\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8def\u5f84\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002CCFI\u65e9\u5728CFI\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u65f6\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u800c\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u5e9f\u5f03\u3002Victor van der Veen \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Practical Context-Sensitive CFI[8]\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611fCFI\u65b9\u6848\uff1aPathArmor\u3002PathArmor\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5546\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u76d1\u63a7\u901a\u5f80\u654f\u611f\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8f6c\u79fb\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63d2\u6869\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u76d1\u63a7\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611fCFI\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002PathArmor\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6309\u9700\u5728CFG\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u654f\u611f\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8def\u5f84\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86caching\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u9a8c\u8bc1\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684CFI\u68c0\u67e5\u90fd\u5728\u654f\u611f\u51fd\u6570\u70b9\u5904\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

John Criswell\u5c06CFI\u505a\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u514d\u53d7\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u52ab\u6301\u3001return2user\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4fee\u6539\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3aKCoFI[9]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u95f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c42\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u72b6\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8bc1\u660e\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u9875\u8868\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5206\u6d3e\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0cKCoFI\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5411FreeBSD Kernel\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55gadget\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e0e\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5185\u6838\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cKCoFI\u5728\u8fd0\u884cserver\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u5229\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u6765\u63d0\u5347CFI\u7684\u6548\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u624b\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6765\u964d\u4f4eCFI\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

Vasilis Pappas\u63d0\u51fa\u5229\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3akBouncer[10]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528LBR\uff08Last Branch Register\uff09\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u6700\u8fd1\u768416\u6b21\u8df3\u8f6c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u654f\u611f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5904\uff0c\u5bf9\u6355\u83b7\u768416\u6b21\u8df3\u8f6c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5373return\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u70b9\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0cindirect-call\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u76ee\u6807\u57fa\u672c\u5757\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u5c11\u4e8e20\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1kBouncer\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9IE\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001Adobe Flash Player\u548cAdobe Reader\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7ROP payload\u653b\u51fb\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7f13\u89e3ROP\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u4f4e\u4e8e~4%\u3002<\/p>\n

Yueqiang Chen\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0ekBouncer\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5cROPecker[11]\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5229\u7528LBR\u6355\u83b7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884cROP\u653b\u51fb\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u906d\u53d7ROP\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u30021\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08\u5229\u7528LBR\uff09\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u6267\u884c\uff09\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u957fgadget\u94fe\uff085\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\u7684gadget\uff09\uff0c\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21ROP\u653b\u51fb\u3002Gadget\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u30022\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u673a\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u654f\u611f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u8df3\u51fa\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002ROPecker\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662fgadget\u94fe\u5374\u662f\u6563\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8be5\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684gadget\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u6b21ROP\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7a97\u53e3\u5916\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u8df3\u51fa\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9gadget\u94fe\u662f\u6563\u5217\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0cROPecker\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u6709\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5e94\u7528\uff08Linux Hex-editer\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u9632\u6f14\u7ec3\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cROPecker\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u963b\u6b62ROP\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cSPEC CPU2006 benchmark\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff08~2%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Yubin Xia\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684CFIMon[12]\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662fBTB\uff08Branch Trace Buffer\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002BTB\u4e0eLBR\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cBTB\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6574\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0cLBR\u53ea\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f5516\u6761\u3002\u4f46\u662fBTB\u9700\u8981CPU\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u5199\u5165\u8df3\u8f6c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u4ea4\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\uff08\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09\uff0cLBR\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u4f7f\u7528BTB\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u660e\u663e\u6bd4LBR\u6027\u80fd\u4f4e\u3002CFIMon\u68c0\u67e5BTB\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5f53\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u654f\u611f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u4e3b\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u5185\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u52ab\u6301\u6765\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0cCFI\uff08Control Flow Integrity\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u653b\u51fb\u3002CFI\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\uff08Control Flow Graph, CFG\uff09\u4e2d\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u7cbe\u786e\u7684CFI\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684CFI\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6CFI\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u5bbd\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u7ed9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cCFI\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7684\u52ab\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff08\u5982Control-Flow Bending\uff0cCFB[13] \uff09\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6267\u884c\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece2005\u5e74CFI\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0cCFI\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5386\u7ecf\u4e8610\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd1\u4e24\u5e74\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5927\u91cfCFI\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86CFI\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cCFI\u6280\u672f\u672a\u6765\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u7684CFI\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"image05\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"image04-205x265\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1].<\/span> Mart\u00edn Abadi,Mihai Budiu, \u00dalfar Erlingsson, and Jay Ligatti. 2005. <\/span>Control-flow integrity<\/span><\/a>.In<\/span>Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference onComputer and communications security<\/span><\/i> (CCS ’05). ACM, New York, NY, USA,340-353.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2].<\/span> Chao Zhang, TaoWei, Zhaofeng Chen, Lei Duan, Laszlo Szekeres, Stephen McCamant, Dawn Song, and Wei Zou. 2013.<\/span> Practical Control Flow Integrity and Randomization for Binary Executables<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security andPrivacy<\/span><\/i> (SP ’13).IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 559-573.DOI=http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/SP.2013.44<\/span><\/p>\n

[3].<\/span> Mingwei Zhang and R. Sekar. 2013. <\/span>Control flow integrity for COTS binaries<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedingsof the 22nd USENIX conference on Security<\/span><\/i> (SEC’13). USENIX Association,Berkeley, CA, USA, 337-352.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4].<\/span> Enes G\u00f6ktas,Elias Athanasopoulos, Herbert Bos, and Georgios Portokalidis. 2014. <\/span>Out of Control: Overcoming Control-Flow Integrity<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedingsof the 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy<\/span><\/i> (SP ’14). IEEE Computer Society,Washington, DC, USA, 575-589.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5].<\/span> Ali JoseMashtizadeh, Andrea Bittau, Dan Boneh, and David Mazi\u00e8res. 2015. <\/span>CCFI:Cryptographically Enforced Control Flow Integrity<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedingsof the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security<\/span><\/i> (CCS ’15). ACM, New York, NY, USA,941-951.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6].<\/span> Lucas Davi,Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Daniel Lehmann, and Fabian Monrose. 2014. <\/span>Stitching thegadgets: on the ineffectiveness of coarse-grained control-flow integrityprotection<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedings of the 23rd USENIX conference on Security Symposium<\/span><\/i> (SEC’14). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 401-416.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7].<\/span> Mauro Conti, Stephen Crane, Lucas Davi,Michael Franz, Per Larsen, Marco Negro, Christopher Liebchen, Mohaned Qunaibit,and Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi. 2015.<\/span> Losing Control: On the Effectiveness of Control-FlowIntegrity under Stack Attacks<\/span><\/a>. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conferenceon Computer and Communications Security (CCS ’15). ACM, New York, NY, USA,952-963.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8].<\/span> Victor van der Veen, Dennis Andriesse, EnesG\u00f6kta\u015f, Ben Gras, Lionel Sambuc, Asia Slowinska, Herbert Bos, and CristianoGiuffrida. 2015. <\/span>Practical Context-Sensitive CFI<\/span><\/a>. In Proceedings of the 22ndACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS ’15). ACM,New York, NY, USA, 927-940.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9].<\/span> John Criswell, NathanDautenhahn, and Vikram Adve. 2014. <\/span>KCoFI: Complete Control-Flow Integrity forCommodity Operating System Kernels<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security andPrivacy<\/span><\/i> (SP ’14).IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 292-307.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10].<\/span> \u00a0<\/span>Vasilis Pappas, MichalisPolychronakis, and Angelos D. Keromytis. 2013. <\/span>Transparent ROP exploitmitigation using indirect branch tracing.<\/span><\/a> In Proceedings of the 22nd USENIXconference on Security (SEC’13). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 447-462.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11].<\/span> \u00a0<\/span>Yueqiang Cheng, Zongwei Zhou,Miao Yu, Xuhua Ding and Robert H. Deng. 2014. <\/span>ROPecker: A Generic and PracticalApproach for Defending Against ROP Attacks<\/span><\/a>. In <\/span>Proceedingsof <\/span><\/i>the 2014 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201814).<\/span><\/p>\n

[12].<\/span> \u00a0<\/span>Yubin Xia, Yutao Liu, HaiboChen, and Binyu Zang. 2012. <\/span>CFIMon: Detecting violation of control flowintegrity using performance counters.<\/span><\/a> In <\/span>Proceedings of the 2012 42nd Annual IEEE\/IFIPInternational Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)<\/span><\/i> (DSN ’12). IEEE Computer Society,Washington, DC, USA, 1-12.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13].<\/span> \u00a0<\/span>Carlini N, Barresi A, Payer M, Wagner D andGross TR. 2015. <\/span>Control-Flow Bending: On the Effectiveness of Control-FlowIntegrity.<\/span><\/a> In <\/span>Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Security Symposium(USENIX Security 15)<\/span><\/i>. USENIX Association, Washington, D.C., USA<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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