{"id":4963,"date":"2021-09-02T12:01:27","date_gmt":"2021-09-02T03:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/?p=4963"},"modified":"2021-09-02T12:01:27","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T03:16:27","slug":"%e6%9c%80%e7%86%9f%e6%82%89%e7%9a%84%e9%99%8c%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%ba-%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%ab%e8%af%81%e4%b9%a6%e7%9a%84https%e4%b8%8a%e4%b8%8b%e6%96%87%e6%b7%b7%e6%b7%86-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/?p=4963","title":{"rendered":"\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684HTTPS\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6df7\u6dc6\u653b\u51fb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aTalking with Familiar Strangers: An Empirical Study on HTTPS Context Confusion Attacks \uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e3aACM CCS 2020\u5f55\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5f20\u660e\u660e, 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HTTPS\u662f\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u201c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u201d\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u6587\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86HTTPS\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u2014\u2014\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4Web PKI\u751f\u6001\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728Web 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff083\uff09\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u590d\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728keep-alive\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\uff082\uff09\uff083\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6b63\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u5bdf\u89c9\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u5f85\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684ServerB\uff09\u3002\u56fe3\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u52ab\u6301\u65f6\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"863\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-1024x863.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4964\" srcset=\"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-1024x863.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-300x253.jpg 300w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-768x647.jpg 768w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-150x126.jpg 150w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808-178x150.jpg 178w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110808.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:center\">&nbsp;\u56fe3. HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u65f6\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case A: \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u6258\u7ba1\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u6c61\u67d3\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u57df\u540d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u6307\u5411ServerB \uff08IPB\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95eehttps:\/\/a.example.com\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5728\u4e0eServerB\u5efa\u7acbTLS\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5982\u679cServerB\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u76843xx\u8df3\u8f6c\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u914d\u7f6e\u7684STS\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5bf9ServerA\u7684HTTPS\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case B: \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u6258\u7ba1\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u4f5c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff08HTTPS Path Leaks\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u5f80ServerB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Case C: \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u590d\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u5728\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u5173\u952e\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u4e2d\u65ad\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8d77\u5408\u6cd5\u7684TLS\u63e1\u624b\uff08TLS re-handshake\uff09\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u81f3ServerB\uff0c\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0eServerB\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u6cc4\u9732\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\uff08HTTPS&nbsp;Path&nbsp;Leaks\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e0a\u6587Case B\u548cCase C\u4e2d\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5747\u9700\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u9488\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u57282018\u5e74Chen\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u4fa7\u4fe1\u9053\u6cc4\u6f0fHTTPS\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5229\u7528\u4e86cookie\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\u2014\u2014\u5728HTTP\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0b\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u540d\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684cookie\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u643a\u5e26\u81f3HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u6ce8\u5165\u8d85\u957fcookie\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728TLS\u5c42\u6839\u636eTLS record size\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u672c\u6587\u7684SCC\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5f85\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u6ce8\u5165\u957fcookie\uff0c\u5728TLS\u5c42\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8d85\u5927\u7684\u5305\uff08\u76ee\u6807\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u5e76\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u89e6\u53d1\u5408\u6cd5\u7684TLS\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\uff08TLS&nbsp;Re-handshake\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65bdHTTPS\u52ab\u6301\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6253\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u65b0\u7684TLS\u63e1\u624b\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3aTLS\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411TLS\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5Timeout\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u5230TCP RST\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8d77\u65b0\u7684TLS\u63e1\u624b\u3002\u4e0eTLS\u5b89\u5168\u91cd\u534f\u5546\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u91cd\u534f\u5546\u65f6\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u76d1\u89c6\u534f\u5546\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u800c\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001SCC\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230SCC\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a\u673a\u5236\u6216\u62e6\u622a\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5728HTTPS\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63d0\u793a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u4eca\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u51fa\u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u8b66\u62a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u5740\u680f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9501\u3001\u76fe\u724c\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u8b66\u793a\u9875\u9762\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684SCC\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63d0\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u7ea7\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u5730\u5740\u680f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u70b9\u51fb\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u680f\u4f1a\u8ddf\u968f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de302\u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u680f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u663e\u793aHTTP\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"868\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4965\" srcset=\"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818.jpg 868w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818-300x165.jpg 300w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818-768x421.jpg 768w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818-150x82.jpg 150w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210902110818-250x137.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 868px) 100vw, 868px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:center\">\u56fe4. \u6062\u590d\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u964d\u7ea7HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u653b\u51fb\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6062\u590d\u81f3HTTPS\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684Server B\u964d\u7ea7HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2460\uff09\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u62e6\u622aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f2a\u9020HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f2a\u9020\u7684302\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2461\uff09\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u6b21302\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8df3\u8f6c\u56deHTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u6062\u590d\u81f3HTTPS\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2462\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u2460\u548c\u2461\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u8df3\u8f6c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u5230Response 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc12.3\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u89e6\u53d1TLS\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u5b9e\u65bdHTTPS\u52ab\u6301\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5404\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u7684Chrome\u3001Firefox\u3001Edge\u3001Safari\u5747\u4f1a\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230TCP RST\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8TLS\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cChrome\u4f1a\u5728\u91cd\u63e1\u624b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6b63\u5e38\u4eceServerB\u52a0\u8f7d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800cFirefox\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u62a5\u8b66\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>\u516d\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inforsec.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-1024x331.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4966\" srcset=\"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-1024x331.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-300x97.jpg 300w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-768x248.jpg 768w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-150x48.jpg 150w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1-250x81.jpg 250w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" 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HTTPS\u4ea4\u53c9\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728SCC\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4ea4\u53c9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5217\u8868\u53bb\u68c0\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230SCC\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57df\u540d\u5171\u4eabTLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u57df\u540d\uff08related domains\uff09\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u53d1\u5f80\u539f\u57df\u540d\u5217\u8868\u7684HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u8def\u7531\u81f3\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6076\u610f\u7684\u8def\u7531\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u57df\u540d\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea4\u53c9\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2aHost\u7684HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u5f80\u540c\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540cserver\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u522b\u5411IP1\u3001IP2\u3001IP3\u8bf7\u6c42https:\/\/sub1.example.com\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u65bdSCC\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5Alexa Top 500\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79cd\u5b50\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790CT Log\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u548cPassiveDNS\u5171\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684283311\u4e2a\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u57df\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u5171\u6269\u5c55\u51fa292227\u4e2aAlexa Top 500\u7684\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790IP\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5171\u5f97\u52306765333\u4e2adomain-ip\u5bf9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8eHTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u8def\u7531\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u670934317\u4e2aTop 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http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-250x110.jpg 250w, http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5a01\u80c1\u89c4\u6a21<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728Alexa Top 500\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709126\uff0825.2%\uff09\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230SCC\u653b\u51fb\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u4e862,918\uff088.5%\uff09\u7684\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u3002\u88681\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u57df\u540d\u7684\u6392\u540d\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6536\u96c6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u5404\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u57df\u540d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff081\uff09HTTPS\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff085\uff09&nbsp;\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7acb\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08NIH\uff09\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff08www.myitsm.nih.gov\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u81f3www.servicenow.com\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e86NIH\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982ebay.com-&gt; office.com-&gt; 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SCC\u653b\u51fb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff081\uff09HTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff082\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b58\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c42\u9762\uff0cTLS\u4e0a\u5c42\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u4e0b\u5c42IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5207\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4e0e\u4e4b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684hostname\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>\u00a0\u4e5d\u3001\u7f13\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5728SCC\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6076\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u6062\u590d\u81f3HTTPS\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982HTTPS\u00e0HTTP\u00e0HTTPS\uff09,\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6709\u660e\u6587\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u505a\u51fa\u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eceHTTP\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u800c\u6765\u7684HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201csecure\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d7\u5230\u5408\u6cd5TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe4\u4e2d\u7684https:\/\/a.bank.com?orderid=b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201cnot absolutely safe\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u62e6\u622a\u6240\u6709mixed-content\uff0c\u5305\u62ecactive content\u548cpassive content\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u4eca\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u52a0\u8f7d\uff08\u5728HTTPS\u9875\u9762\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u52a0\u8f7d\uff09active content\uff08\u5982script, XHR\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\uff09\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e6\u622a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u662fpassive 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5171\u4eabTLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8be5\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6240\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684SCC\u653b\u51fb\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5176\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u7f13\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdbHTTPS\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u7f72\u548cTLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aTalking with Familiar Strangers: An Empirical&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/?p=4963\"> Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4963"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4972,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4963\/revisions\/4972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/202.112.238.40\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}